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The viola's four strings are normally tuned in fifths: the lowest string is C (an octave below middle C), with G, D, and A above it. This tuning is exactly one fifth below the violin, [ 12 ] so that they have three strings in common—G, D, and A—and is one octave above the cello.
As on the treble viol, the register above the octave (d) on the top string would seldom be used except in contemporary music. The viola d'amore was normally tuned specifically for the piece it was to play - cf. scordatura. Towards the end of the 18th century the standard tuning became Open D Major: A, d, a, d', f ♯ ', a', d".
Viola – C 3 G 3 D 4 A 4 (a perfect fifth below a violin's standard tuning) Cello – C 2 G 2 D 3 A 3 (an octave lower than the viola) Double bass – E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 (ascending perfect fourths, where the highest sounding open string coincides with the G on a cello).
Some other instruments have viola in their name, but are not a member of the viola da gamba family. These include the viola d'amore and the viola pomposa. Though the baryton does not have viola in its name, it is sometimes included in the viol family. Whether it is considered a member of this family is a matter of semantics.
Violin, viola, and cello strings are tuned to fifths. However, non-standard tunings (called scordatura) exist to change the sound of the instrument or create other playing options. To tune an instrument, often only one reference pitch is given. This reference is used to tune one string, to which the other strings are tuned in the desired intervals.
Tuning is given for a typical single-keyboard, 5-octave instrument, for the main choir of strings. Only lowest and highest octaves are shown; intervening notes are tuned chromatically. Often tuning is in some musical temperament other than 12-tone equal temperament (common on modern pianos). Harzither: 8 strings 4 courses. GG • CC • EE ...
Viola braguesa is a stringed instrument from Braga, north-western Portugal. It has 10 strings in 5 courses. The strings are made of steel. It is tuned C 4 /C 3 –G 4 /G 3 –A 4 /A 3 –D 4 /D 4 –G 4 /G 4. The scale length is about 500 mm (20 inches).
A pegbox is the part of certain stringed musical instruments (the violin family: violin, viola, cello, double bass) that houses the tuning pegs. The corresponding part of the lute family (including guitar , mandolin , banjo , ukulele ) is called the headstock .