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Prophylactic surgery (also known as preventive surgery or risk-reducing surgery) is a form of surgery most commonly intended to minimize or eliminate the risk of the patient developing cancer in an organ or gland before development occurs. This can be a life-saving procedure for those at high risk of developing cancer in certain organs.
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. [1] Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, [2] and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. [3]
It is opposed to for example palliative surgery which is intended for symptom relief rather than complete removal of cancer tissue. Immunohistochemistry with SOX10 (staining the cell nuclei of melanocytes ) of lentigo maligna , showing malignant melanocytes all the way to the resection margin (inked in yellow, at left), conferring a diagnosis ...
Lymphadenectomy, or lymph node dissection, is the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes. [1] It is almost always performed as part of the surgical management of cancer . In a regional lymph node dissection , some of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed; in a radical lymph node dissection , most or all of the lymph nodes ...
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the amount of cancer cells in the abdominal cavity for patients with tumors that have spread intraabdominally (peritoneal carcinomatosis). It is often used to treat ovarian cancer but can also be used for other abdominal malignancies.
Debulking is the reduction of as much of the bulk of a tumour without the intention of a complete eradication. It is usually achieved by surgical removal. [1] [2] When performed for curative intent, it is a different procedure, which is called surgical debulking of tumors is known as cytoreduction or cytoreductive surgery [3] (CRS); "cytoreduction" refers to reducing the number of tumor cells.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Vaginectomy is a surgery to remove all or part of the vagina. It is one form of treatment for individuals with vaginal cancer or rectal cancer that is used to remove tissue with cancerous cells. [1] It can also be used in gender-affirming surgery.