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  2. Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_atomic_and...

    This discovery is a strong indicator of the top quark's existence: without the top quark, the bottom quark would be without a partner that is required by the mathematics of the theory. 1977 Martin Lewis Perl discovered the tau lepton after a series of experiments;

  3. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.

  4. Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_fundamental...

    1904 – J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom 1904; 1905 – Albert Einstein: Special relativity, proposes light quantum (later named photon) to explain the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, Mass–energy equivalence; 1908 – Hermann Minkowski: Minkowski space; 1911 – Ernest Rutherford: Discovery of the atomic nucleus ...

  5. Discovery of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements

    The discoveries of the 118 chemical elements known to exist as of 2025 are presented here in chronological order. The elements are listed generally in the order in which each was first defined as the pure element, as the exact date of discovery of most elements cannot be accurately determined.

  6. Timeline of scientific discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_scientific...

    The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...

  7. Timeline of particle discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_particle...

    This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance. More specifically, the inclusion criteria ...

  8. Timeline of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_quantum_mechanics

    This is in apparent contradiction to the law of conservation of energy, as it appeared that energy was lost in the beta decay process. A second problem is that the spin of the nitrogen-14 atom was 1, in contradiction to the Rutherford prediction of 1 ⁄ 2. These anomalies are later explained by the discoveries of the neutrino and the neutron.

  9. Timeline of nuclear weapons development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_nuclear...

    1911 – Ernest Rutherford discovers that the majority of the energy in an atom is contained in the nucleus through experiments at the University of Manchester. [3] 1912 – J.J. Thomson discovers isotopes through experiments with neon. [3]