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  2. Flash pasteurization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_pasteurization

    Flash pasteurization, also called "high-temperature short-time" (HTST) processing, is a method of heat pasteurization of perishable beverages like fruit and vegetable juices, beer, wine, and some dairy products such as milk. Compared with other pasteurization processes, it maintains color and flavor better, but some cheeses were found to have ...

  3. Ultra-high-temperature processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-temperature...

    Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization [1] is a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food by heating it above 140 °C (284 °F) – the temperature required to kill bacterial endospores – for two to five seconds. [2]

  4. Unit operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operation

    Unit operations involve a physical change or chemical transformation such as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, polymerization, isomerization, and other reactions. For example, in milk processing, the following unit operations are involved: homogenization, pasteurization, and packaging. These unit operations are connected to ...

  5. Pasteurization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization

    Pasteurized milk in Japan A 1912 Chicago Department of Health poster explains household pasteurization to mothers.. In food processing, pasteurization (also pasteurisation) is a process of food preservation in which packaged foods (e.g., milk and fruit juices) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than 100 °C (212 °F), to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.

  6. List of sensors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sensors

    Engine coolant temperature sensor; Hall effect sensor; ... Flow sensor; Gas meter; Mass flow sensor; Water meter; Ionizing radiation, subatomic particles

  7. List of temperature sensors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_temperature_sensors

    The integrated circuit sensor may come in a variety of interfaces — analogue or digital; for digital, these could be Serial Peripheral Interface, SMBus/I 2 C or 1-Wire.. In OpenBSD, many of the I 2 C temperature sensors from the below list have been supported and are accessible through the generalised hardware sensors framework [3] since OpenBSD 3.9 (2006), [4] [5]: §6.1 which has also ...

  8. Thermal mass flow meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_mass_flow_meter

    Temperature at the sensors varies depending upon the mass flow. Thermal mass flow meters, also known as thermal dispersion or immersible mass flow meters, comprise a family of instruments for the measurement of the total mass flow rate of a fluid, primarily gases, flowing through closed conduits. A second type is the capillary-tube type of ...

  9. Flow measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

    Temperature difference between the sensors varies depending upon the mass flow. Thermal mass flowmeters generally use combinations of heated elements and temperature sensors to measure the difference between static and flowing heat transfer to a fluid and infer its flow with a knowledge of the fluid's specific heat and density. The fluid ...