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Germany, [e] officially the Federal Republic of Germany, [f] is a country in Central Europe.It lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 82 million in an area of 357,596 km 2 (138,069 sq mi), making it the most populous member state of the European Union.
The culture of Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. German culture originated with the Germanic tribes , the earliest evidence of Germanic culture dates to the Jastorf culture in Northern Germany and Denmark .
By 1900, Germany was the dominant power on the European continent and its rapidly expanding industry had surpassed Britain's while provoking it in a naval arms race. Germany led the Central Powers in World War I, but was defeated, partly occupied, forced to pay war reparations, and stripped of its colonies and significant territory along its ...
Einstein, Planck, Heisenberg and Born all received a Nobel Prize for their scientific contributions; from the award's inauguration in 1901 until 1956, Germany led the total Nobel Prize count. [22] Today the country is third with 115 winners. The movable-type printing press was invented by German blacksmith Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century.
The Central Uplands [1] [2] (German: die Mittelgebirge [3]) is one of the three major natural regions of Germany. It stretches east to west across the country. To the north lies the North German Plain or Northern Lowland; to the south, the Alps and the Alpine Foreland. [1]
Germany's largest oil refinery is located in Karlsruhe, at the western edge of the city, directly on the river Rhine. The Technologieregion Karlsruhe is a loose confederation of the region's cities in order to promote high tech industries; today, about 20% of the region's jobs are in research and development .
The majority of Germany is covered by either arable land (33%) or forestry and woodland (31%). Only 15% is covered by permanent pastures. The plants and animals of Germany are those generally common to central Europe. Beeches, oaks, and other deciduous trees constitute one-third of the forests; conifers are increasing as a result of reforestation.
Frankfurt am Main (/ ˈ f r æ ŋ k f ər t /; German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn] ⓘ; [5] [6] lit. "Frank ford on the [a] Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany.