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The Java standard library provides utility classes to use with enumerations. The EnumSet class implements a Set of enum values; it is implemented as a bit array, which makes it very compact and as efficient as explicit bit manipulation, but safer. The EnumMap class implements a Map of enum values to object. It is implemented as an array, with ...
C++ is also more strict in conversions to enums: ints cannot be implicitly converted to enums as in C. Also, enumeration constants (enum enumerators) are always of type int in C, whereas they are distinct types in C++ and may have a size different from that of int. [needs update] In C++ a const variable must be initialized; in C this is not ...
This enumeration is type-safe. Enum class values are not implicitly converted to integers. Thus, they cannot be compared to integers either (the expression Enumeration::Val4 == 101 gives a compile error). The underlying type of enum classes is always known.
The differences between the programming languages C++ and Java can be traced to their heritage, as they have different design goals. C++ was designed for systems and applications programming (i.e., infrastructure programming), extending the procedural programming language C , which was designed for efficient execution.
Classes are self-describing user-defined reference types. Essentially all types in the .NET Framework are classes, including structs and enums, that are compiler generated classes. Class members are private by default, but can be declared as public to be visible outside of the class or protected to be visible by any descendants of the class.
Now set S' = S − {s} (where − denotes set difference). Select any element s' ∈ S' and assign f(n − 1) = s' . Continue this process until all elements of the set have been assigned a natural number. Then : is an enumeration of S.
Technically enumerations are a kind of class containing enum constants in its body. Each enum constant defines an instance of the enum type. Enumeration classes cannot be instantiated anywhere except in the enumeration class itself.
Although static_cast conversions are checked at compile time to prevent obvious incompatibilities, no run-time type checking is performed that would prevent a cast between incompatible data types, such as pointers. A static_cast from a pointer to a class B to a pointer to a derived class D is ill-formed if B is an inaccessible or ambiguous base ...