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A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Peak bone mass is the maximum amount of bone a person has during their life. [1] It typically occurs in the early 20s in females and late 20s in males. [ 2 ] Peak bone mass is typically lower in females than males, and is also lower in White people and Asians compared to black populations. [ 1 ]
The ISCD recommends using Caucasian women between 20 and 29 years old as the baseline for bone density for ALL patients, but not all facilities follow this recommendation. [24] [25] [26] [18] The ISCD recommends that Z-scores, not T-scores, be used to classify bone density in premenopausal women and men under 50. [18]
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [140] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [141] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [142] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [143]
About 10 million people age 50 years and older in the U.S. have osteoporosis, a disease that weakens bones, causing them to more easily break. While the majority are women, about 2 million are men.
Bone density. The basic principle of single-photon bone mineral density measuring instrument is to calculate the attenuation degree of single-energy gamma photon beam through bone tissue. The more attenuation degree is, the more absorbed by bone minerals, the more bone mineral content and the higher bone mineral density are.