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It is the bone mineral density at the site when compared to the "young normal reference mean". It is a comparison of a patient's bone mineral density to that of a healthy 30-year-old. [ 10 ] The US standard is to use data for a 30-year-old of the same sex and ethnicity, but the WHO recommends using data for a 30-year-old white female for ...
Information from the DXA scanner creates a bone mineral density T-score by comparing a patient's density to the bone density of a healthy young person. Bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the reference, or a T-score between −1.0 and −2.5, indicates osteopenia (a T-score smaller than or equal to −2.5 indicates ...
Bone densities are often given to patients as a T score or a Z score. A T score tells the patient what their bone mineral density is in comparison to a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mineral density. A normal T score is -1.0 and above, low bone density is between -1.0 and -2.5, and osteoporosis is -2.5 and lower.
The standard range for normal testosterone (eugonadal) ... If you have low testosterone, it can lead to problems with drive, muscle mass levels, fat distribution, bone density, and even red blood ...
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [140] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [141] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [142] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [143]
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.