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A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Peak bone mass is the maximum amount of bone a person has during their life. [1] It typically occurs in the early 20s in females and late 20s in males. [ 2 ] Peak bone mass is typically lower in females than males, and is also lower in White people and Asians compared to black populations. [ 1 ]
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [140] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [141] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [142] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [143]
The studies often show different results about the body strength difference between the both sexes. Two studies, conducted in the four European Union countries, involving 2,000 participants (1,000 men and 1 000 women) concluded that females are 74 - 92% as strong as males, as many women (211 of 1,000) are still physically stronger than average men.
Bone densities are often given to patients as a T score or a Z score. A T score tells the patient what their bone mineral density is in comparison to a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mineral density. A normal T score is -1.0 and above, low bone density is between -1.0 and -2.5, and osteoporosis is -2.5 and lower.
The average age for perimenopause in the U.S. is around 47 years old, and while the average duration of perimenopause is four years, it can range from eight to 10, according to the Cleveland ...
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