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Morton's neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between the second/third and third/fourth metatarsal heads; the first is of the big toe), which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve.
Mulder's sign is a physical exam finding associated with Morton's neuroma, which may be elicited while the patient is in the supine position on the examination table. The pain of the neuroma, as well as a click, can be produced by squeezing the two metatarsal heads together with one hand, while concomitantly putting pressure on the interdigital space with the other hand.
A neuroma (/ nj ʊəˈr oʊ m ə /; plural: neuromata or neuromas) is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue. [1] Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous ); many nerve tumors , including those that are commonly malignant , are nowadays referred to by other terms.
One cause of metatarsalgia is Morton's neuroma. When toes are squeezed together too often and for too long, the nerve that runs between the toes can swell and get thicker. This swelling can make it painful when walking on that foot. High-heeled, tight, or narrow shoes can make pain worse. This is common in runners, particularly of long distance.
Peripheral neuropathy may be classified according to the number and distribution of nerves affected (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, or polyneuropathy), the type of nerve fiber predominantly affected (motor, sensory, autonomic), or the process affecting the nerves; e.g., inflammation (), compression (compression neuropathy), chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy).
A traumatic neuroma is a type of neuroma which results from trauma to a nerve, usually during a surgical procedure. The most common oral locations are on the tongue and near the mental foramen of the mouth. [2] They are relatively rare on the head and neck. [3]
Tinel's sign takes its name from French neurologist Jules Tinel (1879–1952), who wrote about it in a journal article published in October 1915. [3] [4] [5] German neurologist Paul Hoffmann independently also published an article on tinel sign six months earlier, in March 1915.
Bunions can be diagnosed and analyzed with a simple x-ray, which should be taken with the weight on the foot. [10] The hallux valgus angle (HVA) is the angle between the long axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal bone of the big toe. It is considered abnormal if greater than 15–18°. [11]