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The vomer (/ ˈ v oʊ m ər /; [1] [2] Latin: vomer, lit. 'ploughshare') is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull . It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid , the ethmoid , the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones.
The flat bones are: the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, sternum, ribs, and scapulae. [1] These bones are composed of two thin layers of compact bone enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous bone, [1] which is the location of red bone marrow. In an adult, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones.
The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. [1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium.. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium, which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
Like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from injury. [6] The skull consists of three parts, of different embryological origin—the neurocranium, the sutures, and the facial skeleton. The neurocranium (or braincase) forms the protective cranial cavity that surrounds and houses the brain and brainstem. [7]
The nasal septum is the bone and cartilage in the nose that separates the nasal cavity into the two nostrils.The cartilage is called the quadrangular cartilage and the bones comprising the septum include the maxillary crest, vomer, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.
The ethmoid bone is an anterior cranial bone located between the eyes. [3] It contributes to the medial wall of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum. [3] The ethmoid has three parts: cribriform plate, ethmoidal labyrinth, and perpendicular plate.
The septal nasal cartilage fits in a place between the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bones while also being covered by an internal mucous membrane. The superior portion of the septal nasal cartilage attaches to the nasal bones, while the inferior portion attaches to the alar cartilages via fibrous tissues.
The name is derived from the fact that it lies adjacent to the unpaired vomer bone (from Latin vomer 'plowshare', for its shape) in the nasal septum. It is present and functional in all snakes and lizards, and in many mammals, including cats, dogs, cattle, pigs, and some primates.