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  2. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

    A grammar that uses phrase structure rules is a type of phrase structure grammar. Phrase structure rules as they are commonly employed operate according to the constituency relation, and a grammar that employs phrase structure rules is therefore a constituency grammar; as such, it stands in contrast to dependency grammars, which are based on ...

  3. Phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar

    The term phrase structure grammar was originally introduced by Noam Chomsky as the term for grammar studied previously by Emil Post and Axel Thue (Post canonical systems). Some authors, however, reserve the term for more restricted grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy : context-sensitive grammars or context-free grammars .

  4. Generalized phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_Phrase...

    Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages. It is a type of constraint-based phrase structure grammar . Constraint based grammars are based around defining certain syntactic processes as ungrammatical for a given language and assuming everything not thus dismissed is ...

  5. Syntactic Structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures

    The phrase structure rules are used for expanding lexical categories and for substitutions. These yield a string of morphemes. A transformational rule "operates on a given string ... with a given constituent structure and converts it into a new string with a new derived constituent structure." [8] It "may rearrange strings or may add or delete ...

  6. X-bar theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar_theory

    In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation [1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970 [2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951 [3]), and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974, [4] 1977a, [5] 1977b [6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.

  7. Head-driven phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-driven_phrase...

    Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar [1] [2] developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is a type of phrase structure grammar , as opposed to a dependency grammar , and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar .

  8. ID/LP grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID/LP_grammar

    For example, a typical phrase structure rule such as , indicating that an S-node dominates an NP-node and a VP-node, and that the NP precedes the VP in the surface string. In ID/LP Grammars, this rule would only indicate dominance, and a linear precedence statement, such as N P ≺ V P {\displaystyle NP\prec VP} , would also be given.

  9. Verb phrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase

    The first example contains the long verb phrase hit the ball well enough to win their first World Series since 2000; the second is a verb phrase composed of the main verb saw, the complement phrase the man (a noun phrase), and the adjunct phrase through the window (an adverbial phrase and prepositional phrase). The third example presents three ...