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Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu SO 4.It forms hydrates CuSO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, [10] while its anhydrous form is white. [11]
The dissociation of salts by solvation in a solution, such as water, means the separation of the anions and cations. The salt can be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. An electrolyte refers to a substance that contains free ions and can be used as an electrically conductive medium.
The determining factor when both S N 2 and S N 1 reaction mechanisms are viable is the strength of the Nucleophile. Nuclephilicity and basicity are linked and the more nucleophilic a molecule becomes the greater said nucleophile's basicity. This increase in basicity causes problems for S N 2 reaction mechanisms when the solvent of choice is protic.
The formation and dissociation of water on transition metals like palladium has important applications in reactions for obtaining hydrogen and for the operation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, and much research has been conducted to understand the phenomenon. The rate-determining reaction for water formation is the creation of adsorbed OH.
The equilibrium constant for this dissociation can be predicted by the change in Gibbs energy of this reaction. The Born equation is used to estimate Gibbs free energy of solvation of a gaseous ion. Recent simulation studies have shown that the variation in solvation energy between the ions and the surrounding water molecules underlies the ...
In chemistry, dissociative substitution describes a reaction pathway by which compounds interchange ligands. The term is typically applied to coordination and organometallic complexes, but resembles the S N 1 mechanism in organic chemistry. This pathway can be well described by the cis effect, or the labilization of CO ligands in the cis position.
It is usually assumed that the rate-determining step is a dissociation reaction. [M(H 2 O) n] z+ → [M(H 2 O) n-1] z+ * + H 2 O. The * symbol signifies that this is the transition state in a chemical reaction. The rate of this reaction is proportional to the concentration of the aqua ion, [A].
A supersaturated solution may be induced to come to equilibrium by the addition of a "seed" which may be a tiny crystal of the solute, or a tiny solid particle, which initiates precipitation. [citation needed] There are three main types of solubility equilibria. Simple dissolution. Dissolution with dissociation reaction. This is characteristic ...