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Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. [1] [2] If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. [3]
Hemorrhage from a Rathke's cleft cyst, a remnant of Rathke's pouch that normally regresses after embryological development, may cause symptoms that are indistinguishable from pituitary apoplexy. [4] Pituitary apoplexy is regarded by some as distinct from Sheehan's syndrome , where the pituitary undergoes infarction as a result of prolonged very ...
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). [1] Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone ( GnRH ), while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release ...
Kisspeptin is a protein that regulates the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates the release of LH and, to a lesser extent, FSH from the anterior pituitary gland. Kisspeptin and its associated receptor KISS1R are known to be involved in the regulation of puberty.
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone. In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females.
Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones are hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Although the organs in which they are produced are relatively small, the effects of these hormones cascade throughout the body.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. [1] FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland [ 2 ] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation , and reproductive processes of the body.