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An Oglala Lakota tipi, 1891. A tipi or tepee (/ ˈ t iː p i / TEE-pee) is a conical lodge tent that is distinguished from other conical tents by the smoke flaps at the top of the structure, and historically made of animal hides or pelts or, in more recent generations, of canvas stretched on a framework of wooden poles.
Later, Whitwam decided to add tipis as a way to pay homage to the Plains Indians and especially to the Sioux; Whitwam later explained he realized, as they were on the land first, it would be appropriate to include Native structures. [4] His final design implemented semi-circular dugouts which wrapped around the tipi's base. [5]
Tipis could be painted with visionary designs. The design and related power belonged to the tipi-owner, which could be transferred by inheritance, marriage, or, among some tribes such as the Blackfeet, sale. [17] Followers of the Ghost dance religion painted visionary designs on their clothing.
The Hunkpapa population was estimated to be around 1,600 men, women and children in 1805, corresponding to 160 tipis. Shihasapa and Sans Arc migration to Hunkpapa camps in the 1840s had doubled their number of tipis in 1849. From a height in 1855 with 360 lodges, the next decades were marked by a small decline.
[10]: 9 When the women put up a tipi, they placed an upright horse travois against a tipi pole and used it as a ladder so they could attach the two upper sides of the lodge cover with wooden pins. [ 11 ] : xi A travois leaned against a branch of a tree functioned as a simple burial scaffold for a dead Crow baby tied to it.
Upon entering the Society, women would work first on quilling moccasins, then cradleboards, rosettes for men's shirts and tipis, and ultimately, hide robes and backrests. [4] Map from Quill and Beadwork of the Western Sioux (Indian Handcraft Series, 1940) showing "habitat of the porcupine and location of Indians using porcupine quills"
Dakota-style tipis and Ojibwe wigwam, White Earth, Minnesota, 1928 Ojibwe wigwam, from an 1846 painting by Paul Kane. Wigwams are most often seasonal structures, although the term is applied to rounded and conical structures that are more permanent. Wigwams usually take longer to put up than tipis. Their frames are usually not portable like a tipi.
Blackfeet Indian Reservation has 210 tipi ring sites over a 2000 square mile area. [5]: 2 Canyon Ferry Reservoir area has 16 tipi ring sites within a 500 square mile area, found along the Missouri River or its tributaries or mountain valleys. [2] First Peoples Buffalo Jump State Park; Texas: Squawteat Peak (see Pecos County) Wyoming: