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The widespread official use of a pectoral cross, however, did not begin in the Western church until around the 14th century. The use of the pectoral cross in the Roman Rite was first required in the Roman Pontifical of Pope Pius V. [citation needed] The first Anglican bishop to wear a pectoral cross was Edward King, Bishop of Lincoln (1885–1910).
Pontifical vestments, also referred to as episcopal vestments or pontificals, are the liturgical vestments worn by bishops (and by concession some other prelates) in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches, in addition to the usual priestly vestments for the celebration of the Holy Mass, other sacraments, sacramentals, and canonical hours.
Bishop in choir dress with train Choir dress of a Cistercian nun: a long white cowl Norbertine abbot in white prelate choir dress, 18th century Monsignor Herrincx in Franciscan brown prelate choir dress Benedictine Abbot Schober in black prelate choir dress and black fur cappa magna Roman Catholic secular canons in choir dress: cassock, rochet, mozzetta, and pectoral cross on chain.
Pectoral cross A large cross worn on a chain or necklace around the neck by clergy of many Christian denominations. In some traditions it is associated with bishops. In the Roman Catholic tradition it is only worn by bishops, abbots, and certain canons who are granted the use of the pectoral cross by special indult. In choir dress the cross is ...
The clerical clothing of Lutheran pastors and bishops often mirrors that of Catholic clergy: clerical shirt and a detachable clerical collar. In Scandinavia, but also in Germany, Lutheran bishops usually wear a pectoral cross. Danish clergy will wear a black cassock, as in Anglican and Catholic traditions, but with a distinctive ruff.
Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, wearing a casula over a sticharion (by this time, simply a type of long-sleeved tunic) and a small pectoral cross. The vestments of the Nicene Church, East and West, developed out of the various articles of everyday dress worn by citizens of the Greco-Roman world under the Roman Empire. The officers of the Church ...