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Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, [8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) or pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is a type of allergy classified by a cluster of allergic reactions in the mouth and throat in response to eating certain (usually fresh) fruits, nuts, and vegetables. It typically develops in adults with hay fever. [1] It is not usually serious. [2]
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized as a motility disorder of the esophagus, meaning that it is caused by abnormal movement, or peristalsis of the esophagus. [2] People with motility disorders present with two main symptoms: chest pain or difficulty with swallowing. Chest pain is the more common.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
Less common symptoms include pain with swallowing/sore throat, increased salivation (also known as water brash), nausea, [17] chest pain, coughing, and globus sensation. [18] The acid reflux can induce asthma attack symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing in those with underlying asthma.
As globus sensation is a symptom, a diagnosis of globus pharyngis is typically a diagnosis of exclusion.If globus sensation is presenting with other symptoms such as pain, swallowing disorders such as aspiration or regurgitation (dysphagia), weight loss, or voice change, [10] an organic cause needs to be investigated, typically with endoscopy.
Oesophageal disease may result in a sore throat, throwing up blood, difficulty swallowing or vomiting. Chronic or congenital diseases might be investigated using barium swallows, endoscopy and biopsy, whereas acute diseases such as reflux may be investigated and diagnosed based on symptoms and a medical history alone. [5]: 863–867
It is not known whether antibiotics are effective for preventing recurrent sore throat. [14] There is only limited evidence that a hot drink can help alleviate a sore throat, and other common cold and influenza symptoms. [15] If the sore throat is unrelated to a cold and is caused by, for example, tonsillitis, a cold drink may be helpful. [16]