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  2. Williams Flexion Exercises - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Flexion_Exercises

    The goals of performing these exercises were to reduce pain and provide lower trunk stability by actively developing the "abdominal, gluteus maximus, and hamstring muscles as well as..." passively stretching the hip flexors and lower back (sacrospinalis) muscles. Williams said: "The exercises outlined will accomplish a proper balance between ...

  3. Low back pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_back_pain

    The most effective types of exercise to improve low back pain symptoms are core strengthening and mixed exercise types. An appropriate type of exercise recommended is an aerobic exercise program for 12 hours of exercise over a duration of 8 weeks. [64] Distress due to low back pain contributes significantly to overall pain and disability ...

  4. Musculoskeletal causes of back pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculoskeletal_causes_of...

    Maintain proper posture: In many cases poor posture (also called bad posture) is the root cause of back pain because of more stress on the disks and less back muscles activity. [1] [10] Most common bad posture samples are round back, sway back, forward head, excessive anterior and exterior pelvis tilts. [10] Proper standing, sitting, and ...

  5. Delayed onset muscle soreness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_onset_muscle_soreness

    Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the pain and stiffness felt in muscles after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise. The soreness is felt most strongly 24 to 72 hours after the exercise. [1] [2]: 63 It is thought to be caused by eccentric (lengthening) exercise, which causes small-scale damage (microtrauma) to the muscle fibers. After such ...

  6. Hyperextension (exercise) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperextension_(exercise)

    A back extension is an exercise that works the lower back as well as the mid and upper back, specifically the erector spinae muscles. There are two erector spinae, one on either side of the spine, that run along its length. These are formed of three smaller muscles – spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis. [1]

  7. Human back - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_back

    The lower back is typically exposed frequently by many types of shirts in woman's fashion, and even the more conservative shirts and blouses will reveal the lower back. This happens for a variety of reasons- the lower waist area is a pivot point for the body and lengthens and arches as a person sits or bends.

  8. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_trochanteric_pain...

    Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), a form of bursitis, is inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, a part of the hip. This bursa is at the top, outer side of the femur , between the insertion of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles into the greater trochanter of the femur and the femoral shaft .

  9. Closed kinetic chain exercises - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_kinetic_chain_exercises

    Closed chain exercises are often compound movements, that generally incur compressive forces, while open-chain exercises are often isolation movements that promote more shearing forces. [ 1 ] CKC exercises involve more than one muscle group and joint simultaneously rather than concentrating solely on one, as many OKC exercises do (single-joint ...