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Welfare economics is a field of economics that applies microeconomic techniques to evaluate the overall well-being (welfare) of a society. [ 1 ] The principles of welfare economics are often used to inform public economics , which focuses on the ways in which government intervention can improve social welfare .
When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: absolute poverty which compares income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter; [2] secondly, relative poverty measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same ...
This helps to explain why the culture of poverty tends to endure from generation to generation as most of the relationships the poor have are within that class. [32] The "culture of poverty" theory has been debated and critiqued by many people, including Eleanor Burke Leacock (and others) in her book The Culture of Poverty: A Critique. [33]
Cooperative (or co-operative) economics is a field of economics that incorporates cooperative studies and political economy toward the study and management of cooperatives. [ 1 ] History
According to Barrientos and Santibanez, the programs have been more successful in increasing investment in human capital than in bringing households above the poverty line. Challenges still exist, including the extreme inequality levels and the mass scale of poverty; locating a financial basis for programs; and deciding on exit strategies or on ...
Solutions or plans for reduction of poverty often fail precisely because the context of a region's poverty is removed and local conditions are not considered. The specific ways in which the poor and poverty are recognized frame them in a negative light. In development literature, poverty becomes something to be eradicated, or, attacked. [20]
Rural poverty refers to situations where people living in non-urban regions are in a state or condition of lacking the financial resources and essentials for living. It takes account of factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the marginalization and economic disadvantage found there. [1]
Poverty reduction, poverty relief, or poverty alleviation is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty. Measures, like those promoted by Henry George in his economics classic Progress and Poverty , are those that raise, or are intended to raise, ways of enabling the poor to ...