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Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. [6] It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. [6]
Lamivudine and zidovudine both competitively inhibit and reduce the activity of reverse transcriptase (RT) causing HIV infected cells to decrease the number of viruses in the body. [14] Lamivudine and zidovudine act as nucleoside analogs, which are substrates for the human nucleoside kinases. The initial phosphorylation step is crucial for the ...
The use of antiretroviral therapies have decreased the risk of early mortality and improved the quality of life for people who are HIV-positive. A significant increase in the use of these medications have been seen over the years, from an estimated 7.7 million people receiving these antiretrovirals therapies in 2010, to approximately 24.5 million estimated people worldwide in 2018. [9]
zidovudine (AZT or ZDV) It is indicated in the treatment of AIDS/HIV-1. [2] For this purpose, the combination is very useful in pregnant women to decrease the risk of mother-to-child transmission. [6] The most common effects include headache and nausea (feeling sick). [3]
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
It contains lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine. [2] It is either used by itself or along with other antiretrovirals. [2] It is a recommended treatment in those who are pregnant. [2] It is taken by mouth twice a day. [2] The medication is generally well tolerated. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [2]
HIV includes a protease, and so considerable research has been performed to find "protease inhibitors" to attack HIV at that phase of its life cycle. [31] Protease inhibitors became available in the 1990s and have proven effective, though they can have unusual side effects, for example causing fat to build up in unusual places. [ 32 ]
Within 2 years, annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000 [5] Prior to this the annual death rate had been increasing by approximately 20% each year. The number of people in the U.S. dying of HIV fell by 60% in the 2 years following the introduction of the first HIV protease inhibitors
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