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Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate [2]) was a historical Bulgar [3] [4] [5] state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.
[1] [2] The Mongols besieged and sacked Bilär, Bolghar, Suar, Cükätaw, and most other cities and castles of Volga Bulgaria; killing or enslaving virtually all inhabitants. Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde. The territory was later divided into duchies; each of which eventually received or gained ...
The Battle of Samara Bend (Russian: Монгольско-булгарское сражение, lit. 'Mongolian-Bulgar battle'), also known as the Battle of Kernek, was the first battle between the Volga Bulgaria and the Mongol Empire, which took place during the autumn of 1223 at the southern border of Volga Bulgaria.
In dealing with the Mongol invasions, writers also had to distinguish between Bulgaria on the Danube and the distant Bulgaria on the Volga, which they called, respectively, "Little (or Lesser) Bulgaria" (Bulgaria minor) and "Great (or Greater) Bulgaria" (Bulgaria maior or magna Bulgaria). [9] [10] [11]
The Khanate of Kazan [a] was a Tatar state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.
1241–1242: Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia; 1242–1243: Mongol invasion of the Latin Empire; 1264/1265: Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace; 1271, 1274, 1282 and 1285: Raids against Bulgaria. [citation needed] 1291: Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde. 1324 and 1337: Tatar incursions against Byzantine Thrace. [citation needed]
The Volga Bulgarian slave trade took place in the Volga Bulgar Emirate in Central Asia (in modern Eastern Russia). Volga Bulgaria was a buffer state between Europe and the Muslim world and played a major part in the trade between Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages from the 10th century onward, and slaves were one of the main goods.
Bulgars led by Khan Krum pursue the Byzantines at the Battle of Versinikia (813). The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, [1] Proto-Bulgarians [2]) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe and the Volga region between the 5th [3] and 7th centuries.