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The out-group homogeneity effect is the perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members, e.g. "they are alike; we are diverse". [1] Perceivers tend to have impressions about the diversity or variability of group members around those central tendencies or typical attributes of those group members.
Categorization of people into social groups increases the perception that group members are similar to one another. An outcome of this is the out-group homogeneity effect. This refers to the perception of members of an out-group as being homogenous, while members of one's in-group are perceived as being diverse, e.g. "they are alike; we are ...
[6] [9] Specifically, some researchers propose that just world beliefs serve as an ideological foundation for outgroup favoritism, the logic being that in a just and fair hierarchical system, a position of advantage is internally attributable to the members of the advantaged group (i.e., advantaged group members must deserve what they have ...
Outgroup homogeneity can be defined as seeing the outgroup members as more homogeneous than ingroup members. [43] Self-categorization accounts for the outgroup homogeneity effect as a function of perceiver motivation and the resultant comparative context, [4] [15] which is a description of the psychologically available stimuli at any one time ...
A simple cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships between four species: A, B, C, and D. Here, Species A is the outgroup, and Species B, C, and D form the ingroup. In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup [1] is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationships of the ingroup, the set of organisms under study ...
Moral exclusion is a psychological process where members of a group view their own group and its norms as superior to others, belittling, marginalizing, excluding, even dehumanizing targeted groups. A distinction should be drawn between active exclusion and omission.
Additionally, the minimal group paradigm explored the out-group homogeneity. [18] Participants were split into two groups, each assigned two positive and two negative traits. They rated their own group and estimated ratings for the opposite group, including the traits’ minimum and maximum scores.
Group threat theory, also known as group position theory, [1] is a sociological theory that proposes the larger the size of an outgroup, the more the corresponding ingroup perceives it to threaten its own interests, resulting in the ingroup members having more negative attitudes toward the outgroup. [2]