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Information technology general controls (ITGC) are controls that apply to all systems, components, processes, and data for a given organization or information technology (IT) environment. The objectives of ITGCs are to ensure the proper development and implementation of applications, as well as the integrity of programs, data files, and ...
ITGC usually include the following types of controls: Control environment, or those controls designed to shape the corporate culture or " tone at the top ." Change management procedures - controls designed to ensure the changes meet business requirements and are authorized.
Therefore, ITGC testing should be performed to the extent it addresses specific MMR. By nature, ITGC enables management to place reliance on fully automated application controls (i.e., those that operate without human intervention) and IT-dependent controls (i.e., those that involve the review of automatically generated reports).
Marketing strategy refers to efforts undertaken by an organization to increase its sales and achieve competitive advantage. [1] In other words, it is the method of advertising a company's products to the public through an established plan through the meticulous planning and organization of ideas, data, and information.
Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior.
The marketing research process is a six-step process involving the definition of the problem being studied upon, determining what approach to take, formulation of research design, field work entailed, data preparation and analysis, and the generation of reports, how to present these reports, and overall, how the task can be accomplished. [1]
Marketing managers are often responsible for influencing the level, timing, and composition of customer demand. In part, this is because the role of a marketing manager (or sometimes called managing marketer in small- and medium-sized enterprises) can vary significantly based on a business's size, corporate culture, and industry context. For ...
One important objective of marketing communications is to develop a strong, unique brand identity that allows the brand to be positioned separately from its competition. Marketing mix is the most important part of marketing strategy, which is "the framework to manage marketing and incorporate it within a business context [6] ".