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Meaning [1] Latin (or Neo-Latin) origin [1] a.c. before meals: ante cibum a.d., ad, AD right ear auris dextra a.m., am, AM morning: ante meridiem: nocte every night Omne Nocte a.s., as, AS left ear auris sinistra a.u., au, AU both ears together or each ear aures unitas or auris uterque b.d.s, bds, BDS 2 times a day bis die sumendum b.i.d., bid, BID
The glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule constitute a renal corpuscle, the basic filtration unit of the kidney. [2] The rate at which blood is filtered through all of the glomeruli, and thus the measure of the overall kidney function, is the glomerular filtration rate .
before meals a.c.h.s., ac&hs ante cibum et hora somni: before meals and at bedtime a.d. auris dextra: right ear a single-storey a can be mistaken as an o which could read "o.d.", meaning right eye ad., add. adde addatur: add let there be added ad lib. ad libitum: Latin, "at one's pleasure"; as much as one desires; freely
This constellation of symptoms contrasts with the classical presentation of nephrotic syndrome (excessive proteinuria >3.5 g/day, low plasma albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) <3 g/L, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia). [8] [10] Signs and symptoms that are consistent with nephritic syndrome include: Hematuria (red blood cells in the urine) [11]
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids. Damage to these filtration units results in ...
The glomerular basement membrane of the kidney is the basal lamina layer of the glomerulus.The glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the filtration slits between the podocytes perform the filtration function of the glomerulus, separating the blood in the capillaries from the filtrate that forms in Bowman's capsule. [1]
The closely related terms membranous nephropathy (MN) [23] and membranous glomerulopathy [24] both refer to a similar constellation but without the assumption of inflammation. Membranous nephritis (in which inflammation is implied, but the glomerulus not explicitly mentioned) is less common, but the phrase is occasionally encountered. [ 25 ]
An estimate of the GFR is used clinically to determine the degree of kidney impairment and to track the progression of the disease. The GFR, however, does not reveal the source of the kidney disease. This is accomplished by urinalysis, measurement of urine protein excretion, kidney imaging, and, if necessary, kidney biopsy. [1]