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THC, the main psychoactive component of cannabis, may only be detectable in saliva and oral fluid for 2–24 hours in most cases. [8] [9] The main metabolite excreted in the urine is 11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC, also known as THC-COOH. Most cannabis drug tests yield a positive result when the concentration of THC-COOH in urine exceeds 50 ng/mL. [10]
As an example the SAMHSA cutoffs for cannabinoids are 50 ng/ml for the immunoassay and 15 ng/ml as confirmed by GC/MS. [6] Immunoassays that do not conform with SAMHSA, featuring a cutoff of 20 ng/ml, have been shown to produce false positives from passive inhalation of marijuana smoke.
The volume of distribution of THC is large and is approximately 10 L/kg (range 4–14 L/kg), which is due to its high lipid solubility. [22] [23] [33] The plasma protein binding of THC and its metabolites is approximately 95 to 99%, with THC bound mainly to lipoproteins and to a lesser extent albumin.
Despite the CBD and THC having the same molecular weight, multiple analytical methods are able to differentiate them. [11] "on the recovery of both THC (86.7−90.0%) and CBD (92.3−95.6%). The slightly lower recovery of THC can be explained by the fact that THC is less polar than CBD and more likely to remain in the nonpolar sunflower oil." [11]
11-COOH-THC is a Schedule 8 prohibited substance in Western Australia under the Poisons Standard (July 2016). [15] A schedule 8 substance is a controlled Drug – Substances which should be available for use but require restriction of manufacture, supply, distribution, possession and use to reduce abuse, misuse and physical or psychological dependence.
Like Δ 9-THC, 11-hydroxy-THC is a partial agonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB 1, but with significantly higher binding affinity (K i = 0.37 nM compared to Δ 9-THC K i = 35 nM). [7] With respect to cAMP inhibition at CB 1 it displays a similar efficacy to that of Δ 9 -THC (EC 50 = 11 nM vs. EC 50 = 5.2 nM, respectively), but a lower ...
Delta-8 THC has garnered attention in recent years thanks to a loophole in the 2018 farm bill, which legalized hemp, defined as a cannabis plant that contains less than 0.3% delta-9 THC. (Hemp and ...
Cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active drug in cannabis, can also be produced by bioengineered yeast, a process colloquially known as pharming. [1] In 2007, a research group reported the successful transgenic placement of a THCA synthase gene from Cannabis plant into the Pichia pastoris yeast, giving the yeast the ability to turn the precursor molecule cannabigerolic ...