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In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model was the first successful model of the atom. Developed from 1911 to 1918 by Niels Bohr and building on Ernest Rutherford 's nuclear model , it supplanted the plum pudding model of J J Thomson only to be replaced by the quantum atomic model in the 1920s.
The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons around an atomic nucleus. Bohr–Sommerfeld theory is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr and German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld .
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Development of the table of chemical elements The American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg —after whom the element seaborgium is named—standing in front of a periodic table, May 19, 1950 Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms 18-column 32-column Alternative and extended ...
In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a model of the atom, giving the arrangement of electrons in their sequential orbits. At that time, Bohr allowed the capacity of the inner orbit of the atom to increase to eight electrons as the atoms got larger, and "in the scheme given below the number of electrons in this [outer] ring is arbitrary put equal to the normal valency of the corresponding element".
Bohr calculated that a 1s orbital electron of a hydrogen atom orbiting at the Bohr radius of 0.0529 nm travels at nearly 1/137 the speed of light. [11] One can extend this to a larger element with an atomic number Z by using the expression v ≈ Z c 137 {\displaystyle v\approx {\frac {Zc}{137}}} for a 1s electron, where v is its radial velocity ...
Electron configuration was first conceived under the Bohr model of the atom, and it is still common to speak of shells and subshells despite the advances in understanding of the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons. An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number, n, that electrons may occupy.
[170] [171] On 7 October 2012, in celebration of Niels Bohr's 127th birthday, a Google Doodle depicting the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom appeared on Google's home page. [172] An asteroid, 3948 Bohr , was named after him, [ 173 ] as was the Bohr lunar crater , and bohrium , the chemical element with atomic number 107, in acknowledgement of ...
The Bohr model posits that electrons revolve around the atomic nucleus in a manner analogous to planets revolving around the Sun. In the simplest version of the Bohr model, the mass of the atomic nucleus is considered to be infinite compared to the mass of the electron, [ 7 ] so that the center of mass of the system, the barycenter , lies at ...