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Ideas of reference and delusions of reference describe the phenomenon of an individual experiencing innocuous events or mere coincidences [1] and believing they have strong personal significance. [2] It is "the notion that everything one perceives in the world relates to one's own destiny", usually in a negative and hostile manner.
A delusion [a] is a fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. [2] As a pathology, it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of perception, as individuals with those beliefs are able to change or readjust their beliefs upon reviewing the evidence.
Delusions can be bizarre or non-bizarre in content; [7] non-bizarre delusions are fixed false beliefs that involve situations that could occur in real life, such as being harmed or poisoned. [8] Apart from their delusion or delusions, people with delusional disorder may continue to socialize and function in a normal manner and their behavior ...
Genetic elements are also thought to influence, family members with schizophrenia and delusional disorder are at a higher risk of developing persecutory delusion. [17] Persecutory delusions are thought to be linked with problems in self-other control, that is, when an individual adjusts the representation of oneself and others in social ...
The DSM-5 outlines eleven categories of delusions, among which thought broadcasting is included. The ICD-11 characterizes it as in experiences of influence, passivity, and control, along with thought insertion and withdrawal. The DSM-5 specifies thought broadcasting as a belief that one's thoughts are transmitted and consequently perceived by ...
Auditory hallucinations have two essential components: audibility and alienation. [7] This differentiates it from thought insertion. While auditory hallucination does share the experience of alienation (patients cannot recognize that the thoughts they are having are self-generated), thought insertion lacks the audibility component (experiencing the thoughts as occurring outside of their mind ...
Paranoia is an instinct or thought process that is believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety, suspicion, or fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality. [1] ...
In rare instances, it can include delusions of immortality. [9] Syndrome of delusional companions is the belief that objects (such as soft toys) are sentient beings. [10] Clonal pluralization of the self, where a person believes there are multiple copies of themselves, identical both physically and psychologically, but physically separate and ...