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The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary of the Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. New Zealand is part of Zealandia , a microcontinent nearly half the size of Australia that broke away from the Gondwanan supercontinent about 83 million years ago. [ 1 ]
Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector of Pacific plate relative to Australian plate along the boundary. The Marlborough fault system (also known as Marlborough tectonic domain [2]) is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of the South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between ...
New Zealand is situated on the boundary of the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates, making it one of the most active earthquake and volcanic regions in the world. The country has experienced several devastating earthquakes throughout its history.
The Southern Alps had not yet formed and most of New Zealand was covered in water. [10] Then uplift slowly began as the plate motion became slightly oblique to the strike of the Alpine Fault. In the last 12 million years, the Southern Alps have been uplifted approximately 20 km (12 mi), however, as this has occurred more rain has been trapped ...
The Tonga plate begins 2,500 km (1,600 mi) NNE of New Zealand and stretches northward, [4] until the plate ends bounded by the Niuafo'ou plate to the northwest and the Pacific plate to the northeast. The Hikurangi Margin is the extension of the Kermadec–Tonga subduction zone further south down the east coast of the North Island.
The Kermadec plate. The Kermadec plate is a long and narrow tectonic plate located west of the Kermadec Trench in the south Pacific Ocean. Also included on this tectonic plate is a small portion of the North Island of New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. It is separated from the Australian plate by a long divergent boundary which forms a back ...
Location of New Zealand, ... to the dynamic boundary it straddles between the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates. [102] New Zealand is ... a shift in plate tectonic ...
The Hikurangi Subduction Zone is an active subduction zone extending off the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, where the Pacific and Australian plates collide. [2] [3] The subduction zone where the Pacific Plate goes under the Kermadec Plate offshore of Gisborne accommodates approximately 6 cm/year (2.4 in/year) of plate movement while off the Wairarapa shore this decreases to perhaps ...