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The earliest human remains found in Britain. [8] c. 478,000 BP Anglian glaciation begins – the most extreme in the Pleistocene. Britain extensively covered by ice. c. 450,000 BP The Weald-Artois Anticline breaks for the first time after a glacial lake outburst flood. This landbridge to the continent was cut for the first time creating the ...
The first significant written record of Britain and its inhabitants was made by the Greek navigator Pytheas, who explored the coastal region of Britain around 325 BC. However, there may be some additional information on Britain in the Ora Maritima , a text which is now lost but which is incorporated in the writing of the later author Avienius .
The oldest human skeletal remains are the 40ky old Lake Mungo remains in New South Wales, but human ornaments discovered at Devil's Lair in Western Australia have been dated to 48 kya and artifacts at Madjedbebe in Northern Territory are dated to at least 50 kya, and to 62.1 ± 2.9 ka in one 2017 study. [26] [27] [28] [29]
Mesolithic people occupied Britain by around 9,000 BC, and it has been occupied ever since. [1] By 8000 BC temperatures were higher than today, and birch woodlands spread rapidly, [2] but there was a cold spell around 6,200 BC which lasted about 150 years. [3] The British Isles were linked to continental Europe by a territory named Doggerland.
The ancestors of the people who built Stonehenge were Neolithic farmers originating from Anatolia who brought agriculture to Europe. [10] At the time of their arrival, around 4,000 BC, Britain was inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers who were the first inhabitants of the island after the last Ice Age ended about 11,700 years ago. [11]
Huts could get as small as 3 m × 2 m (9.8 ft × 6.6 ft). [99] One of the largest huts has a diameter of 12.5 m (41 ft) – a 25,000 year old hut identified in Kostenki, Russia – and was constructed out of 64 mammoth skulls, but given the little evidence of occupation, this is postulated to have been used for food storage rather than as a ...
The time from Britain's first inhabitation until the Last Glacial Maximum is known as the Old Stone Age, or Palaeolithic era. Archaeological evidence indicates that what was to become England was colonised by humans long before the rest of the British Isles because of its more hospitable climate between and during the various glacial periods of ...
Homo erectus (/ ˌ h oʊ m oʊ ə ˈ r ɛ k t ə s / lit. ' upright man ') is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, spanning nearly 2 million years.It is the first human species to evolve a humanlike body plan and gait, to leave Africa and colonize Asia and Europe, and to wield fire.