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The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
In 2014, the Pinagmulan was a finalist under the category of the Elfren S. Cruz Prize for Best Book in the Social Sciences in the National Book Awards organized by the National Book Development Board. [10] The Philippine inventory is currently being updated as a measure to safeguard more intangible cultural heritage elements in the country.
The first Filipino book written in English, The Child of Sorrow, was published in 1921. Early English literature is characterized by melodrama, figurative language, and an emphasis on local color. [265] A later theme was the search for Filipino identity, reconciling Spanish and American influence with the Philippines' Asian heritage. [266]
Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted within a group. [ dubious – discuss ] The main sanction against diverging from these values are the concepts of Tagalog : hiya , roughly translated as 'a sense of shame', and ' amor propio ' or 'self-esteem'. [ 4 ]
It was re-labelled as Pilipino in 1959, [13] and Filipino in 1987. With the successful establishment of American-style public education with English as a consequential medium, more than 20% of the Philippine population was reported to be able to understand and speak English just before the turn of the mid-20th century. [10]
Balagtas's title, which combines history, romance, and religion, became the premier Filipino story taught in schools nationwide. [9] Another influential writer was Leona Florentino, the mother of Philippine women's literature whose work catapulted feminism to the forefront of the revolution. [10] [11]
[10] On August 14, 1898, two days after the Battle of Manila of the Spanish–American War and about two months after Aguinaldo's proclamation of this revolutionary government, the United States established a military government in the Philippines, with General Merritt acting as military governor. [11]
Almost every facet of Filipino life is linked to a ritual practice and is an indication of the value and pervasiveness of rituals in folk culture. Filipino rituals are often shown in dance, because for Filipinos, dance is the highest symbolic form. It transcends language and is able to convey emotions, collective memory, and articulate their ...