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The Story of Tobacco in America (UNC 1949) online good brief introduction to pre-1799 era pp 3-73. Salmon, Emily & Salmon, John. "Tobacco in Colonial Virginia" in Encyclopedia Virginia (2020) online. Walsh, Lorena S. "Summing the parts: implications for estimating Chesapeake output and income subregionally". William and Mary Quarterly 56.1 ...
Tobacco first arrived in the Ottoman Empire in the late 16th century by the Spanish, [12] where it attracted the attention of doctors [13] and became a commonly prescribed medicine for many ailments. Although tobacco was initially prescribed as medicine, further study led to claims that smoking caused dizziness , fatigue , dulling of the senses ...
As the populations of the tobacco colonies increased, so did tobacco exports to England. Between 1622 and 1628, tobacco imports from the tobacco colonies to England increased from 60,000 pounds to 500,000 pounds. By 1639, the figure had reached 1,500,000 pounds, and by the late 1600s, it was up to more than 20,000,000 pounds per year. [5]
There is a reference to tobacco in a Persian poem dating from before 1536, but because of the lack of any corroborating sources, the authenticity of the source has been questioned. The next reliable eyewitness account of tobacco smoking is by a Spanish envoy in 1617, but by this time the practice was already deeply engrained in Persian society.
Another issue that arose with the blockade of tobacco from the American colonies was a shift toward British use of Turkish and Egyptian tobacco. As part of the British disdain for American independence, the British seized and destroyed over 10,000 hogsheads of tobacco in 1780–1781.
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The first "drugstores" in North America "appeared in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia," [11] with likely proto-drugstores—for example Gysbert van Imbroch ran a "general store" that sold drugs from 1663 to 1665 in Wildwyck, New Netherland, [12] today's Kingston, New York—preceding the dedicated apothecary shops of the 1700s, and providing a model.
The Pennsylvania State University was founded in 1855, and in 1863 the school became Pennsylvania's land-grant university under the terms of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts. Temple University in Philadelphia was founded in 1884 by Russell Conwell , originally as a night school for working-class citizens.