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The presence of subchorionic bleeding around the gestational sac does not have a significant association with miscarriage overall. [8] [9] However, the case of intrauterine hematoma observed before 9 weeks of gestational age has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. [10]
An increase in vaginal discharge is common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. The discharge, known as leukorrhea, is usually thin and milky white. However, if the discharge changes color or consistency significantly, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider. [10]
Obstetric causes of first trimester bleeding include the following: Early pregnancy loss is a term often used interchangeably with spontaneous abortion and miscarriage and refers to pregnancy loss during the first trimester. [7] It is the most common cause of early pregnancy bleeding and is associated only with heavy (versus light) bleeding. [8]
Discharge may be red and heavy for the first few days as it consists of blood and the superficial mucous membrane that lined the uterus during pregnancy. This discharge normally begins to taper and should become more watery and change in color from pinkish brown to yellowish white. [14]
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Vaginal bleeding in the first week of life after birth is a common observation, and pediatricians typically discuss this with new mothers at the time of hospital discharge. [13] [14] During childhood, one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding is presence of a foreign body in the vagina which may be caused by normal self-exploration or ...
Bloody show or show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy.It is caused by thinning and dilation of the cervix, leading to detachment of the cervical mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy and tearing of small cervical blood vessels, [1] and is one of the signs that labor may be imminent. [2]
[2] [5] The discharge can be milky, clear, green, purulent, bloody, or faintly yellow. [6] The consistency can be thick, thin, sticky, or watery. [5] [6] Nipple discharge may be normal, such as milk in late pregnancy or after childbirth, and in newborns during the first weeks of life.