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Nvidia's CUDA is closed-source, whereas AMD ROCm is open source. There is open-source software built on top of the closed-source CUDA, for instance RAPIDS . CUDA is able run on consumer GPUs, whereas ROCm support is mostly offered for professional hardware such as AMD Instinct and AMD Radeon Pro .
In computing, CUDA is a proprietary [2] parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) that allows software to use certain types of graphics processing units (GPUs) for accelerated general-purpose processing, an approach called general-purpose computing on GPUs.
CUDA code runs on both the central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU). NVCC separates these two parts and sends host code (the part of code which will be run on the CPU) to a C compiler like GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) or Intel C++ Compiler (ICC) or Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler, and sends the device code (the part which will run on the GPU) to the GPU.
CuPy is an open source library for GPU-accelerated computing with Python programming language, providing support for multi-dimensional arrays, sparse matrices, and a variety of numerical algorithms implemented on top of them. [3] CuPy shares the same API set as NumPy and SciPy, allowing it to be a drop-in replacement to run NumPy/SciPy code on GPU.
The Nvidia CUDA Compiler (NVCC) translates code written in CUDA, a C++-like language, into PTX instructions (an assembly language), and the graphics driver contains a compiler which translates PTX instructions into executable binary code, [2] which can run on the processing cores of Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs).
Nvidia NVDEC (formerly known as NVCUVID [1]) is a feature in its graphics cards that performs video decoding, offloading this compute-intensive task from the CPU. [2] NVDEC is a successor of PureVideo and is available in Kepler and later Nvidia GPUs. It is accompanied by NVENC for video encoding in Nvidia's Video Codec SDK. [2]
In the middle: the FOSS stack, composed out of DRM & KMS driver, libDRM and Mesa 3D.Right side: Proprietary drivers: Kernel BLOB and User-space components. nouveau (/ n uː ˈ v oʊ /) is a free and open-source graphics device driver for Nvidia video cards and the Tegra family of SoCs written by independent software engineers, with minor help from Nvidia employees.
Nvidia started enabling PhysX hardware acceleration on its line of GeForce graphics cards [7] and eventually dropped support for Ageia PPUs. [ 8 ] PhysX SDK 3.0 was released in May 2011 and represented a significant rewrite of the SDK, bringing improvements such as more efficient multithreading and a unified code base for all supported platforms.