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The amplifier (an electronic circuit) increases the amplitude of the electric signal using a power source (battery). The speaker converts the amplified electric signal back into a sound wave. The volume (gain) control is used to adjust the amount of amplification applied to the electric signal and thus, indirectly, controls the sound volume.
In sound technology, personal sound refers to a range of software solutions that customize an audio device's sound output to match the listener's unique hearing sensitivities. [1] The technologies aim to optimize the sound quality in the audio device to ensure they best fit the hearing perception of each unique listener.
The equaliser, connected between pre-amplifier output and power amplifier input, effectively flattens the speaker frequency response. [26] Each speaker has nine identical 4-inch drivers per channel — one on the front for direct sound, and eight on the rear designed to produce reflected sound. [23] [27]
Gainclone or chipamp is a type of audio amplifier made by do-it-yourselfers, or individuals interested in DIY audio. It is a design based on high-power integrated circuits, particularly the National Semiconductor Overture series. The Gainclone is probably the most commonly built and well-known amplifier project amongst hobbyists.
In 2019, the ITU published standard ITU-T H.871 [50] called "Safe listening guidelines for personal sound amplifiers". This standard recommends that PSAPs measure the weekly sound dose and adhere to a weekly maximum of less than 80 dBA for 40 hours. PSAPs that cannot measure weekly sound dose should limit the maximum output of the device to 95 dBA.
Bob Carver used "distortion pots" to introduce amplifier characteristics, fine-tuned to null-out any sound differences. His modified amplifier sound was so similar, Stereophile Magazine editors could not tell the difference between his amplifier and one costing more than $6,000. [5] This amplifier was marketed as the M1.0t for about $400.00.