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Whiplash, whose formal term is whiplash associated disorders (WAD), is a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck [1] associated with extension, [2] although the exact injury mechanisms remain unknown. The term "whiplash" is a colloquialism. "Cervical acceleration–deceleration" (CAD) describes the ...
[16] [2] Whiplash injury, whereby the force causes strain to the capsule and ligaments of the apophyseal joints of the cervical spine. [7] Hyper-flexion is a common mechanism of injury in the cervical spine associated with an anterior compression vector and a posterior distraction vector. [18]
Hyperextension and hyperflexion in whiplash injury. Chronic posttraumatic pain is pain that develops or worsens after an injury. The pain is either localized to the injured region, referred to a dermatomal region, or innervation territory of the nerves in the area. [20] Chronic pain after burns injury; Chronic whiplash injury associated pain
The most common mechanism of injury is high-speed motor vehicle accidents. The injury is more likely in children due to the large size of their heads relative to their bodies, and more horizontal orientation of the occipital condyles. It represents <1% of all cervical spine injuries. [1] Several subtypes of atlanto-occipital dislocation are known.
A demonstration of a common mechanism of a hangman's fracture in a car accident. The mechanism of the injury is forcible hyperextension of the head, usually with distraction of the neck. This commonly occurs during judicial hanging, when the noose was placed below the condemned subject's chin. When the subject was dropped, the head would be ...
This is the same injury mechanism found in whiplash. As with automobile accidents, railway and airplane accidents are now known to cause posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychosomatic symptoms in addition to physical trauma.
Beth Ann Winkelstein is the Deputy Provost and the Eduardo D. Glandt President’s Distinguished Professor at the University of Pennsylvania.Winkelstein has established an active research program that is recognized for elucidating the mechanisms of subfailure cervical spine injuries and the cellular events surrounding the etiology of chronic pain. [1]
Head restraint in a Lincoln Town Car. Head restraints (also called headrests) are an automotive safety feature, attached or integrated into the top of each seat to limit the rearward movement of the adult occupant's head, relative to the torso, in a collision — to prevent or mitigate whiplash or injury to the cervical vertebrae.
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related to: whiplash mechanism of injury