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The side effects of ketoconazole are sometimes harnessed in the treatment of non-fungal conditions. While ketoconazole blocks the synthesis of the sterol ergosterol in fungi, in humans, at high dosages (>800 mg/day), it potently inhibits the activity of several enzymes necessary for the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones such as ...
Oral ketoconazole has side effects too. In 2016, the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) limited the use of Nizoral oral tablets due to a potential risk of liver and adrenal damage. In some ...
Side effects from ketoconazole are rare. In the 2019 study we mentioned earlier comparing ketoconazole shampoo to minoxidil, only 10 percent of people reported side effects from ketoconazole.
Common side effects of clotrimazole are skin irritations, itchiness or redness in areas where the drug is applied. Econazole Econazole in the form of creams and nail lacquers is often used to treat fungal skin and nail infections respectively. It can also be used to treat vaginal and vulval candidiasis by administering creams or pessaries ...
The side effects of oral treatment are significant and people without an infection should not take these drugs. [36] Azoles are the group of antifungals which act on the cell membrane of fungi. They inhibit the enzyme 14-alpha-sterol demethylase, a microsomal CYP, which is required for the biosynthesis of ergosterol for the cytoplasmic membrane.
Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased liver enzymes. [5] Serious side effects may include liver problems, QT prolongation, and seizures. [5] During pregnancy it may increase the risk of miscarriage while large doses may cause birth defects. [6] [5] Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication. [5]
Side effects of oral minoxidil may include swelling of the face and extremities, rapid heartbeat, or lightheadedness. Cardiac lesions, such as focal necrosis of the papillary muscle and subendocardial areas of the left ventricle, have been observed in laboratory animals treated with minoxidil. [ 8 ]
Climbazole is a topical antifungal agent commonly used in the treatment of human fungal skin infections such as dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and eczema. [2] Climbazole has shown a high in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Malassezia spp. that appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff. [2]