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This is a special MRI sequence that shows the myelin's percentage of water content. [25] Pattern III lesions, including Baló lesions, have a specific initiation pattern under MRI (MRILIP) consisting in showing Gadolinium enhancement before FLAIR MRI appearance. [26] Under 7-Tesla MRI Ball lesions show a center vein, like in MS. [27]
The importance of vascular misbehaviour in MS pathogenesis has also been independently confirmed by seven-tesla MRI. [96] It is reported that a number of studies have provided evidence of vascular occlusion in MS, which suggest the possibility of a primary vascular injury in MS lesions or at least that they are occasionally correlated.
Oftentimes, repeat MRI is required to elucidate an etiology to epilepsy and typically an epilepsy imaging protocol is followed to identify these subtle changes. There is ongoing quantitative analysis of standard MRI images to identify subtle lesions and use of stronger magnetic fields, like 7 Tesla MRI, for better delineation of anatomical details.
Unusual types of MS have been described; these include Devic's disease, Balo concentric sclerosis, Schilder's diffuse sclerosis, and Marburg multiple sclerosis. There is debate on whether they are MS variants or different diseases. [31] Multiple sclerosis behaves differently in children, taking more time to reach the progressive stage. [5]
Together with MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows to see the biochemical composition of the lesions, which shows at least two different patterns [201] Currently as of 2014, the MRI studies have led to the proposal of four MRI phenotypes, [202] though both the classification and the relationship with the pathology remains controversial.
The field strength of the magnet is measured in teslas – and while the majority of systems operate at 1.5 T, commercial systems are available between 0.2 and 7 T. 3T MRI systems, also called 3 Tesla MRIs, have stronger magnets than 1.5 systems and are considered better for images of organs and soft tissue. [7]
Modern 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner.. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique mostly used in radiology and nuclear medicine in order to investigate the anatomy and physiology of the body, and to detect pathologies including tumors, inflammation, neurological conditions such as stroke, disorders of muscles and joints, and abnormalities in the heart and blood vessels ...
The presence of white matter changes has led to misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis. ... Standard MRI scans have been performed on 1.5 Tesla scanners with 5 mm ...