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The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds, [76] which react with hydrogen atoms, and probably also with oxygen atoms and OH radicals, thus inhibiting fire. [77] Markets for these flame-retardants include children's clothing, toys, aircraft, and automobile seat covers.
Antimony tribromide has two crystalline forms, both having orthorhombic symmetries. When a warm carbon disulfide solution of SbBr 3 is rapidly cooled, it crystallizes into the needle-like α-SbBr 3, which then slowly converts to the more stable β form. [2] Antimony tribromide hydrolyzes in water to form hydrobromic acid and antimony trioxide:
Its trihalides, antimony trifluoride, antimony trichloride, antimony tribromide, and antimony triiodide, like all pnictogen trihalides, each have trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry. The +3 oxidation state is bismuth's most common oxidation state because its ability to form the +5 oxidation state is hindered by relativistic properties on ...
Structure of (PhSb) 6 [5] Distibines are formally Sb II compounds, but feature tricoordinate Sb atoms with a single Sb-Sb bond. They may have interest as thermochromes.For example, tetramethyldistibine is colorless when gas, yellow when liquid, red when solid just below the melting point of 18.5 °C, shiny-blue when cooler, and again yellow at cryogenic temperatures.
Antimony metal is oxidized to antimony(III) oxide in furnaces. The reaction is exothermic. Antimony(III) oxide is formed through sublimation and recovered in bag filters. The size of the formed particles is controlled by process conditions in furnace and gas flow. The reaction can be schematically described by: 4 Sb + 3 O 2 → 2 Sb 2 O 3
Antimony is capable of displacing hydrogen from water, when heated: 2 Sb + 3 H 2 O → Sb 2 O 3 + 3 H 2. [362] It melts at 631 °C. Antimony is a semimetal with an electrical conductivity of around 3.1 × 10 4 S•cm −1 [ 363 ] and a band overlap of 0.16 eV.
Tribromide is the anion with the chemical formula Br 3 −, or salts containing it: . Tetrabutylammonium tribromide; Tetrabromophosphonium tribromide; Pyridinium perbromide; Sodium and potassium tribromides can be prepared by reacting NaBr or KBr with aqueous bromine.
Bromoantimonates can have antimony in one of two oxidation states, either +3 or +5. These are designated by bromoantimonate(III) or bromoantimonate(V). Although antimony tribromide is known, SbBr 5 on its own does not exist, despite the existence of SbBr − 6. [1] Compounds containing both Sb(III) and Sb(V) are mixed valence compounds.