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Navionics was founded in 1984, when Giuseppe Carnevali and Fosco Bianchetti introduced the world's first marine electronic chart plotter, the Geonav. In 2007, Navionics sold the Geonav product line, to focus solely on the production of electronic charts. On October 27, 2017, Navionics was acquired by Garmin Ltd.
An Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is a digital representation of a real-world geographical area for the purpose of Marine navigation.Real-world objects and areas of navigational significance, or to a lesser degree - informational significance, are portrayed through Raster facsimiles of traditional paper charts; or more commonly through vector images, which are able to scale their relative ...
On nautical charts, the top of the chart is always true north, rather than magnetic north, towards which a compass points. Most charts include a compass rose depicting the variation between magnetic and true north. However, the use of the Mercator projection has drawbacks. This projection shows the lines of longitude as parallel.
Before the advent of nautical charts in the 14th century, navigation at sea relied on the accumulated knowledge of navigators and pilots.Plotting a course at sea required knowing the direction and distance between point A and point B. Knowledge of where places lay relative to each other was acquired by mariners during their long experience at sea.
Ivanka Trump (far right) with (from center to right) her father, second stepmother, and husband at the Western Wall at Temple Mount in Jerusalem in May 2017. Although Trump's daughter Ivanka Trump was raised as a Presbyterian, [13] she converted to Orthodox Judaism in July 2009, [14] [15] after studying with Elie Weinstock from the Modern Orthodox Ramaz School, prior to her marriage to Jared ...
A portolan nautical chart of the Mediterranean Sea, second quarter of the 14th century. Kept in the Library of Congress, where it is the oldest original cartographic artifact. Portolan charts are nautical charts, first made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and later expanded to include
S-63 is an International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standard for encrypting, securing and compressing electronic navigational chart (ENC) data.. The Data Protection Scheme was prepared by the IHO Data Protection Scheme Advisory Group, and was based on the protection scheme developed and operated by Primar as part of providing their protected ENC service.
These works are all in the public domain. Roger Morris, Hydrographer from 1985 to 1990, published Charts and Surveys in Peace and War 1919-1970, a further continuation of Memoirs. [8] A less formal account of British Naval Hydrography in the 19th-Century is given by Steve Ritchie, Hydrographer 1966–1971, in The Admiralty Chart. [5]