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Both parents will have to have the recessive gene for the child to show symptoms. If one parent has the gene and the other one does not, the child will be a carrier and will not show symptoms. Any mutation involving the genes that create or work the peroxisomes can lead to the development of any of the Zellweger Spectrum Disorders.
Zellweger syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of functional peroxisomes in the cells of an individual. [1] It is one of a family of disorders called Zellweger spectrum disorders which are leukodystrophies .
Infantile Refsum disease (IRD) is a rare autosomal recessive [2] congenital peroxisomal biogenesis disorder within the Zellweger spectrum.These are disorders of the peroxisomes that are clinically similar to Zellweger syndrome and associated with mutations in the PEX family of genes.
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) include the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (PBD-ZSD) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1 (RCDP1). [4] [5] PBD-ZSD represents a continuum of disorders including infantile Refsum disease, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, and Zellweger syndrome.
Mutations in the genes encoding PEX6, along with PEX1, are the leading causes of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, [13] such as Zellweger Syndrome spectrum, infantile Refsum disease, and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. These genetic diseases are autosomal recessive and occur in 1 of every 50,000 births. [14]
Autism spectrum disorder is defined as "a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave," according to the National Institute ...
For this reason peroxisomes are ubiquitous in the liver and kidney. D-BP deficiency is the most severe peroxisomal disorder, [1] often resembling Zellweger syndrome. [2] Characteristics of the disorder include neonatal hypotonia and seizures, occurring mostly within the first month of life, as well as visual and hearing impairment. [3]
It is part of the Zellweger spectrum. It has been linked with multiple genes (at least five) associated with peroxisome biogenesis, and has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. [ 2 ]