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Mental illnesses were well known in ancient Mesopotamia, [6] where diseases and mental disorders were believed to be caused by specific deities. [7] Because hands symbolized control over a person, mental illnesses were known as "hands" of certain deities. [7] One psychological illness was known as Qāt Ištar, meaning "Hand of Ishtar". [7]
[2] [3] Some of the first hospitals for curing mental illness were established during the 3rd century BCE. [4] During the 5th century BCE, mental disorders, especially those with psychotic traits, were considered supernatural in origin, [5] a view which existed throughout ancient Greece and Rome. [5]
Melancholia and melancholy had been used interchangeably until the 19th century, but the former came to refer to a pathological condition and the latter to a temperament. [3] The term depression was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press down". [12] From the 14th century, "to depress" meant to subjugate or to bring down in spirits.
Glass delusion is an external manifestation of a psychiatric disorder recorded in Europe mainly in the late Middle Ages and early modern period (15th to 17th centuries). [1] People feared that they were made of glass "and therefore likely to shatter into pieces".
The beginning of psychiatry as a medical specialty is dated to the middle of the nineteenth century, [109] although its germination can be traced to the late eighteenth century. In the late 17th century, privately run asylums for the insane began to proliferate and expand in size.
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital . Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylum.
c. 50 – Aulus Cornelius Celsus died, leaving De Medicina, a medical encyclopedia; Book 3 covers mental diseases.The term insania, insanity, was first used by him. The methods of treatment included bleeding, frightening the patient, emetics, enemas, total darkness, and decoctions of poppy or henbane, and pleasant ones such as music therapy, travel, sport, reading aloud, and massage.
6th century BCE. 600 B.C., many cities had temples to Asklepios known as an Asklepieion that provided cures for psychosomatic illnesses [2] 4th century BCE. Greek physician Hippocrates theorized that physiological abnormalities may be the root of mental disorders. [3] 280 BCE