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A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "nafs" relative to other concepts, based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts [1] Nafs (نَفْس) is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "soul".
Tazkiyah (Arabic: تزكية) is an Arabic-Islamic term alluding to tazkiyat al-nafs, meaning 'sanctification' or 'purification of the self'. This refers to the process of transforming the nafs (carnal self or desires) from its state of self-centrality through various spiritual stages towards the level of purity and submission to the will of God. [1]
A medical work by Ibn al-Nafis, who corrected some of the erroneous theories of Galen and Avicenna on the anatomy of the brain [citation needed].. Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs [1] (Arabic: علم النفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), [2] is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience ...
Minority Shi‘a communities, since the earliest days of Islam, were often forced to practice pious circumspection (taqiyya) as an instinctive method of self-preservation and protection, an obligatory practice in the lands which became known as the realm of pious circumspection (dār al-taqiyya). Therefore, the recurring theme is that during ...
Islamic philosophy refers to philosophy produced in an Islamic society. As it is not necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor exclusively produced by Muslims, [3] many scholars prefer the term "Arabic philosophy." [4] Islamic philosophy is a generic term that can be defined and used in different ways.
These self-references are part of the argumentative strategies desired by the author or authors [4] of the Qur'an to get its message across. [2] The first strategy is the insertion of the Qur'an into the discourse on natural phenomena, on eschatology [1] and on divine omnipotence.
Plato was the first to express an idea about multiplicity of souls arguing that "the reason for internal conflict in individuals is the existence of numerous souls within them." [ 1 ] The majority of Muslim philosophers, including Mulla Sadra (1571–1640), never believed that the soul is divided as it is distinct from the spirit.
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...