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Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, [1] resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. [2] It occurs when free radicals , specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes , typically polyunsaturated fatty ...
Chain reaction in chemistry and physics is a process that produces products capable of initiating subsequent processes of a similar nature. It is a self-sustaining sequence in which the resulting products continue to propagate further reactions. [1] Examples of chain reactions in living organisms are lipid peroxidation in cell membranes [2] and ...
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [ 1 ] Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free ...
Mechanism of isotope effect on lipid peroxidation. An animated model of a chain reaction with slow, oxidation-resistant elements. PUFAs are highly prone to oxidative damage through a purely chemical, non-enzymatic chain reaction. With tight packaging of PUFAs in membranes, the oxidation of a single PUFA molecule rapidly leads to a chain ...
Fatty acid degradation. Fatty acid degradation is the process in which fatty acids are broken down into their metabolites, in the end generating acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle, the main energy supply of living organisms, including bacteria and animals. [1][2] It includes three major steps: Lipolysis of and release from ...
The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) belongs to the family of glutathione peroxidases, which consists of 8 known mammalian isoenzymes (GPX1–8).GPX4 catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides at the expense of reduced glutathione and functions in the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
Oxylipin. Oxylipins constitute a family of oxygenated natural products which are formed from fatty acids by pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen -dependent oxidation. [1] These small polar lipid compounds are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids. [2][3] Oxylipins ...
Infobox references. 4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (C 9 H 16 O 2), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells. 4-HNE is the primary α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal formed in this process. It is a colorless oil.