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Most steady-flow devices operate under adiabatic conditions, and the ideal process for these devices is the isentropic process. The parameter that describes how efficiently a device approximates a corresponding isentropic device is called isentropic or adiabatic efficiency. [12] Isentropic efficiency of turbines:
The Otto Cycle is an example of a reversible thermodynamic cycle. 1→2: Isentropic / adiabatic expansion: Constant entropy (s), Decrease in pressure (P), Increase in volume (v), Decrease in temperature (T)
An adiabatic process (adiabatic from Ancient Greek ἀδιάβατος (adiábatos) 'impassable') is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work and/or mass flow.
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (C P) to heat capacity at constant volume (C V).
An isentropic process is customarily defined as an idealized quasi-static reversible adiabatic process, of transfer of energy as work. Otherwise, for a constant-entropy process, if work is done irreversibly, heat transfer is necessary, so that the process is not adiabatic, and an accurate artificial control mechanism is necessary; such is ...
The terms of wet, dry and isentropic refer to the quality of vapour after the working fluid undergoes an isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion process from saturated vapour state. During an isentropic expansion process the working fluid always ends in the two-phase (also called wet) zone, if it is a wet-type fluid.
For example, if the gas expands slowly against the piston, the work done by the gas to raise the piston is the force F times the distance d. But the force is just the pressure P of the gas times the area A of the piston, F = PA. [4] Thus W = Fd; W = PAd; W = P(V 2 − V 1) figure 3
Point 3 labels the transition from isentropic to Fanno flow. Points 4 and 5 give the pre- and post-shock wave conditions, and point E is the exit from the duct. Figure 4 The H-S diagram is depicted for the conditions of Figure 3. Entropy is constant for isentropic flow, so the conditions at point 1 move down vertically to point 3.