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Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
A joint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. [1] It may affect any joint. ... Bloody Inflammatory: 2,000–50,000: 50–80: Low: Cloudy yellow
It involves a small needle being inserted into the joint to draw the fluid. [6] Reddish-colored hue of the sample is an indication of the blood being present. Imaging tests are normally done. The tests also include MRI, ultrasound and X-ray test, which give better information about the joint inflammation. [7]
Culture of the joint fluid or a blood sample if infectious arthritis is suspected. Analysis of a sample of synovial fluid to look for signs of an infection (infectious arthritis) or uric acid ...
Repeated, periodic joint effusions of the knee. Usually one knee is affected but sometimes both knees. Other joints may also be involved along with the knee. Effusions are large, restricting range of motion but significant pain is not a feature. There is usually stiffness. Tenderness of the joint may or may not be present. [1]
Patients with a fever, suspected flare of existing arthritis, or unknown cause of joint effusion should undergo arthrocentesis with synovial fluid analysis. Samples of synovial fluid can be analyzed for gross appearance, presence of crystals, white blood cell count with differential, red blood cell count, and bacterial culture.
Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee. It is marked by swelling at the knee, which can be tender to the touch and which generally does not restrict the knee's range of motion. It can be extremely painful and disabling as long as the underlying condition persists.
A blood test to check the levels of uric acid in your blood. An analysis of a sample of joint fluid from the affected joint to check for uric acid crystals. Imaging tests like an X-rays ...