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Gelatinase enzymes can be found in a number of eukaryotes, including mammals, and birds; bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), and fungi, but may have variations among species based on identification and function of the gelatinase type. In humans, the gelatinases expressed are matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and ...
Collectively, these enzymes are capable of degrading all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins, but also can process a number of bioactive molecules. They are known to be involved in the cleavage of cell surface receptors , the release of apoptotic ligands (such as the FAS ligand ), and chemokine / cytokine inactivation. [ 3 ]
Various proteins involved in cell–cell (e.g., sperm–oocyte), virus–cell, bacterium–cell, and hormone–cell interactions Antifreeze protein: Certain plasma proteins of coldwater fish Interact with specific carbohydrates Lectins, selectins (cell adhesion lectins), antibodies Receptor: Various proteins involved in hormone and drug action
Protein anabolism is the process by which proteins are formed from amino acids. It relies on five processes: amino acid synthesis, transcription, translation, post translational modifications, and protein folding. Proteins are made from amino acids. In humans, some amino acids can be synthesized using already existing intermediates. These amino ...
The increase in the uptake of glucose can occur through the use of glucose transporters directed to the plasma membrane or through the activation of lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes via covalent modification. [8] The hormone has also been found to have long term effects on lipogenic gene expression.
While the research is currently ongoing, researchers are learning that different subspecies contain different apolipoproteins, proteins, and lipid contents between species which have different physiological roles. [14] For example, within the HDL lipoprotein subspecies, a large number of proteins are involved in general lipid metabolism. [14]
It is a spontaneous reaction and a type of post-translational modification of proteins meaning it alters their structure and biological activity. It is the covalent attachment between the carbonil group of a reducing sugar (mainly glucose and fructose) and the amino acid side chain of the protein. In this process the intervention of an enzyme ...
Lipids (oleaginous) are chiefly fatty acid esters, and are the basic building blocks of biological membranes. Another biological role is energy storage (e.g., triglycerides). Most lipids consist of a polar or hydrophilic head (typically glycerol) and one to three non polar or hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and therefore they are amphiphilic.