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Bacterial morphological plasticity refers to changes in the shape and size that bacterial cells undergo when they encounter stressful environments. Although bacteria have evolved complex molecular strategies to maintain their shape, many are able to alter their shape as a survival strategy in response to protist predators, antibiotics, the immune response, and other threats.
Spiral bacteria are another major bacterial cell morphology. [2] [30] [31] [32] Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or vibrios based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility. [33] Bacteria are known to evolve specific traits to survive in their ideal environment. [34]
The genera Corynebacterium [9] and Coccobacillus [10] have been designated as a pleomorphic genera, diphtheroid Bacilli have been classified as pleomorphic nosocomial bacteria. [11] Additionally, in one study focused on agents involved in a non-infectious disease, pleomorphic bacteria were found to exist in the blood of healthy human subjects. [12]
Bacterial conjugation; Bacterial growth; Bacterial morphological plasticity; Bacterial motility; Bacterial nanowires; Bacterial oxidation; Bacterial patterns; Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Genome Taxonomy Database, 2018)
Phenotypic plasticity refers to some of the changes in an organism's behavior, morphology and physiology in response to a unique environment. [1] [2] Fundamental to the way in which organisms cope with environmental variation, phenotypic plasticity encompasses all types of environmentally induced changes (e.g. morphological, physiological, behavioural, phenological) that may or may not be ...
The most common colonization site in the human body is within the nasal cavity and from here, the bacteria can cause infections. [42] [43] S. pseudintermedius infections in a human host have been known to cause endocarditis, post-surgical infections, inflammation of the nasal cavity (rhinosinusitis) and catheter-related bacteremia. [6]
The bacterial DNA is not packaged using histones to form chromatin as in eukaryotes but instead exists as a highly compact supercoiled structure, the precise nature of which remains unclear. [6] Most bacterial chromosomes are circular, although some examples of linear chromosomes exist (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi). Usually, a single bacterial ...
The molecular basis for morphological plasticity and pleomorphism in more complex bacteria, however, is slowly being elucidated as well. [33] [8] Despite their morphological complexity, cyanobacteria contain all conserved and so far known bacterial morphogens. [8]