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Two main frontal areas have been implicated in the dream process. The first involves the deep white matter of the frontal lobes (just above the eyes). The main systems at work here involve the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. There are connecting fibres that run between frontal and limbic structures.
Developmental neuropsychology combines the fields of neuroscience and developmental psychology, while drawing from various other related disciplines.It examines the relationship of behavior and brain function throughout the course of an individual's lifespan, though often emphasis is put on childhood and adolescence when the majority of brain development occurs. [1]
Probably the frontal lobes need to participate in basically all of the executive functions, but they are not the only brain structure involved. [ 6 ] Neuroimaging and lesion studies have identified the functions which are most often associated with the particular regions of the prefrontal cortex and associated areas.
The basis for this discovery was the analysis of speech problems resulting from injuries to this brain region, located in the inferior frontal gyrus. Lesions to Broca's Area result primarily in disruptions to speech production. Damage to Wernicke's area, located in the lower part of the temporal lobe, mainly leads to speech reception disruptions.
Simplified diagram of frontal cortex to striatum to thalamus pathways. There are five defined frontostriatal circuits: motor and oculomotor circuits originating in the frontal eye fields are involved in motor functions; while dorsolateral prefrontal, orbital frontal, and anterior cingulate circuits are involved in executive functions, social behavior and motivational states. [2]
Frontal lobe damage often disrupts this process, preventing the retrieval of information and the evaluation of its output. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] Furthermore, researchers argue that confabulation is a disorder resulting from failed "reality monitoring/source monitoring" (i.e. deciding whether a memory is based on an actual event or whether it is ...
This form of development (known as "Proportional Development") explains why motor functions typically develop relatively quickly during childhood, while logic, which is controlled by the middle and front portions of the frontal lobe, usually will not develop until late childhood or early adolescence. [99]
Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe) Dentate gyrus; Cornu ammonis (CA fields) Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) Cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2) Cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3) Cornu ammonis area 4 (CA4) Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe) Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system) Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system) Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main ...