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The marathon was conceived centuries ago and as of recent has been gaining popularity among many populations around the world. The 42.195 km (26.2 mile) distance is a physical challenge that entails distinct features of an individual's energy metabolism. Marathon runners finish at different times because of individual physiological characteristics.
Human physiology dictates that a runner's near-top speed cannot be maintained for more than thirty seconds or so as lactic acid builds up, and leg muscles begin to be deprived of oxygen. [90] The 60 metres is a common indoor event and it an indoor world championship event.
One of the "fathers" of the Honolulu Marathon, cardiologist Jack Scaff used a long slow distance approach to train runners in his marathon clinics. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Scaff advised his runners to follow the "talk test", an idea that had originated from Arthur Lydiard in which runners should be going slow enough to be able to hold a conversation. [ 21 ]
One of the largest ever studies of marathon runners has given clues on how non-elites can best train for the 26.2-mile distance, as thousands begin their journey to a spring marathon.
The marathon is the only road running event featured at the World Athletics Championships and the Summer Olympics, although there is also the World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held every two years. The marathon is also the only road running event featured at the World Para Athletics Championships and the Summer Paralympics.
It was inspired by the Olympics, the New-York marathon and the advent of cushioned shoes. [27] Aerobics at home became popular worldwide after the release of Jane Fonda's Workout exercise video in 1982. [28] [29] Step aerobics was popular in the 1990s, driven by a step product and program from Reebok shoes.
Endorphins are credited as the cause of the feeling of euphoria and wellbeing found in many forms of exercise, so proponents of this theory believe that the second wind is caused by their early release. [13]
The endurance running hypothesis is a series of conjectures which presume humans evolved anatomical and physiological adaptations to run long distances [1] [2] [3] and, more strongly, that "running is the only known behavior that would account for the different body plans in Homo as opposed to apes or australopithecines".