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Kronecker delta function: is a function of two variables, usually integers, which is 1 if they are equal, and 0 otherwise. Minkowski's question mark function: Derivatives vanish on the rationals. Weierstrass function: is an example of continuous function that is nowhere differentiable
Nowhere continuous function: is not continuous at any point of its domain; for example, the Dirichlet function. Homeomorphism: is a bijective function that is also continuous, and whose inverse is continuous. Open function: maps open sets to open sets. Closed function: maps closed sets to closed sets.
Everyday examples are seen when the variable is time; for instance the hands of a clock or the phases of the moon show periodic behaviour. Periodic motion is motion in which the position(s) of the system are expressible as periodic functions, all with the same period.
This is a list of some well-known periodic functions. The constant function f (x) = c, where c is independent of x, is periodic with any period, but lacks a fundamental period. A definition is given for some of the following functions, though each function may have many equivalent definitions.
An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n. Arithmetic functions are often extremely irregular (see table ), but some of them have series expansions in terms of Ramanujan's sum .
One application is the definition of inverse trigonometric functions. For example, the cosine function is injective when restricted to the interval [0, π]. The image of this restriction is the interval [−1, 1], and thus the restriction has an inverse function from [−1, 1] to [0, π], which is called arccosine and is denoted arccos.
In mathematics, a subadditive set function is a set function whose value, informally, has the property that the value of function on the union of two sets is at most the sum of values of the function on each of the sets. This is thematically related to the subadditivity property of real-valued functions.
In mathematics, an elementary function is a function of a single variable (typically real or complex) that is defined as taking sums, products, roots and compositions of finitely many polynomial, rational, trigonometric, hyperbolic, and exponential functions, and their inverses (e.g., arcsin, log, or x 1/n).